THE EFFECTS OF POLITICIANS ON BUDGET AND PUBLIC SPENDING

Abstract

When political economy is mentioned, the intervention of the state with the economy comes to mind as either discretionary or
informal. The function of the state in the economy, the role it will play and how it can be more effective are the problems that remain. When the insufficiency of economics alone is determined in answering these problems, the need for political science emerges. In this case, the insufficiency of only one discipline in the solution of these problems
evolves in the need to include the two sciences together. Because, while it is up to the economists to reveal the alternatives to the problems in the economic life, the politicians fall into the implementation of the alternatives and to bear the risks. There is a chain of responsibilities for them, including the accountability and the cost. The applicability of the
decisions in the economy and the dominance of trust in social life cannot be achieved with the economy-policy pair. It is necessary to take into account the effects of events, socio-psychological, even religion and traditions. While the main field of economic science is the endless need for profit with scarce resources, it focuses on how the science of politics is directed towards legislative and executive execution to achieve the goals of the state. The effects of politicians on
the regional, personal and sectoral distribution of resources in the country and the degree of realization of the concept of justice do not go unnoticed. Determining the type and amount of public revenues, determining the resources and services and allocating the appropriations according to the budgetary rules is another requirement. The political institution is also effective here. The expenditures (appropriation) to be allocated for the supply of goods and services are
tried to be determined accordingly. The direct income transfer to the lower income group is what is expected from the state expenditures that we call transfer expenditures, which are distributed free of charge by the state. On the other hand, while making investments and current expenditures, it does not stay away from the influence of politicians. As an example of health expenditures, city hospitals were examined and some concrete information was revealed. From the results of a survey, it is possible to see the characteristics of the social state and the location of Turkey. Compared to the place of transfer expenditures in
GDP between 2000 and 2016, Italy was 27%, while the US was 18% and Turkey was 13%.