International Scientific Journal Vision

THE IMPACT OF AI-BASED DECISION-MAKING SYSTEMS ON JUSTICE AND EQUALITY

Abdulmecit Nuredin — 2024-07-01

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-making systems in society generates a profound transformation that deeply affects fundamental human rights concepts such as justice and equality. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the development and technical foundations of AI-based systems, as well as their impacts on justice and equality. The increasing role of AI in decision-making processes presents both opportunities and risks, with issues such as bias, discrimination, and lack of transparency posing significant challenges to the preservation of justice and equality. The article analyzes the application of AI based systems across various sectors, including judiciary, public policy, healthcare, and employment, focusing on the ethical dimensions, their relationship with human rights, and the legal responsibilities they entail. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations and regulatory requirements for the fair use of AI, evaluates the long-term effects of these technologies, and explores future development perspectives.
In conclusion, the development and implementation of AIbased decision-making systems in accordance with the principles of justice and equality require careful oversight and an ethical framework. The successful use of these technologies to maximize societal benefits while protecting human rights is achievable through a continuous process of monitoring and evaluation.

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE RECOGNITION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF REFUGEES IN THE CONTEXT OF NANSEN PASSPORTS

Zoran Filipovski — 2024-07-01

The text explores the legal framework surrounding the recognition and protection of refugee rights, focusing specifically on the context of the Nansen Passport. This document, named after Fridtjof Nansen, was a document used by refugees and the stateless within the framework of the work of the League of Nations, as a travel document for the identification of this category of persons, giving them certain rights and protection.
The recognition and protection of the rights of refugees according to this document faced various challenges and limitations, including the refusal of some countries to accept its importance, which reflected negatively of freedom of movement and rights to healthcare and education for refugees. Additionally, there were restrictions regarding the time frame of validity of this travel document, leaving this category of persons without proper identification and vulnerable to further displacement or exploitation due to lack of legal status. Considering these challenges and limitations, our aim will be, through the analysis of the legal framework around the recognition and protection of the rights of refugees, to present the positive fundamental principles established from the Nansen passport, The authors in this paper will focus on the specific rights and protection that this document provides, and include social protection services, employment opportunities, human rights protection and mobility.
The authors of this paper, through an analysis of the content of the provisions of international legal legislation and agreements that were in force during the Nansen Passport, the Convention of the League of Nations relating to the Status of Refugees, will provide an overview of the role of states in the implementation of these provisions , as well as for the identification of gaps and inconsistencies in the legal framework , with the intention of understanding the degree of protection given to refugees. Also of no less importance will be the floor assessment the influence that the Nansen passport had in shaping other subsequent international agreements such as the Refugee Convention of 1951.

DIAGNOSING, EVALUATING AND MONITORING STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AND LEARNING DISABILITIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA

Arafat Usein — 2024-07-01

According to Macedonian educational legislation, from the school year 2022/23, all children with disabilities must be included in regular schools. However, throughout the world, children with disabilities and their families constantly experience a barrier in regard to theenjoyment of their basic human rights and to their inclusion in society. Aim of this paper is to put emphasize on inclusive education of all students with disabilities. So according to this legislation teachers should accept the inclusion of children with some types of disabilities in the regular classrooms. Their capacities are underestimated and their needs are given low priority. The barriers they face are more frequently a result of the environment in which they live rather than a result of their impairment. In literature, the current debate is no longer about what inclusion, special needs and learning disability is and why it is needed. The key question is how it is to be achieved. Moreover, in our country currently, the debate focuses on “full inclusive education”. Namely, according to the new Macedonian educational legislation, all children with disabilities must be included in regular schools. Children's rights are equal for all children and this right should be preserved. When the goal is full inclusion, it is essential for teachers to be competent and willing to work with children with disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of teachers towards inclusive education of all students with disabilities, and also the factors they consider most important to the proper implementation of inclusive practices in regular schools.

DECLARATION OF STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (COVID-19) AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AND CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Azam Korbayram — 2024-07-01

The concept of a state of emergency, which is the subject of this study, was regulated by the 1991 Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia in terms of its declaration conditions, competent authorities, duration, and legal nature. The study also explores the legal discussion surrounding the measures taken during the Covid-19 pandemic period, which restricted many personal rights and freedoms. In this regard, the study will examine how the Constitutional Court's decisions have prioritized public health over personal rights, acknowledging that fundamental rights may be restricted through measures implemented during a state of emergency, which is considered an exceptional situation. These measures, including the curfew, have been implemented not only in North Macedonia but also in many countries around the world. Among these measures, the curfew stands out as the most significant. This study will analyze the impact of the curfew on fundamental rights and freedoms from the perspective of constitutional law, focusing on the decisions of the Constitutional Court. Additionally, the study will evaluate the legal nature of the state of emergency in the Republic of North Macedonia, including the roles of authorized institutions, the duration of the state of emergency, and the measures to be taken, all within the framework of constitutional norms. To achieve this, the study employs a literature review method, utilizing both written book sources and journal articles indexed in Scopus and Ebsco. The primary sources for this study include Constitutional Court decisions, state of emergency decrees, and relevant constitutional and legal norms.

SUSTAINABILITY AND QUALITY COSTS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Cvetanka Velkoska — 2024-07-01

This paper explores the quality cost models in higher education institutions, that can help in the function of planning the cost of quality in higher education, monitoring and analyzing the cost of quality to locate the weak points in the operation and reduce and prevent unproductive spending from the aspect of quality. Sustainable development as a concept should be integrated into quality cost management not only in manufacturing but also in service activities such as higher education. This study focuses on quality costs within the framework of sustainability in higher education institutions. The research methodology involves a logical, systematic analysis of scientific research, situational analysis using comparative and summary methods. In this study is proposed a quality cost model for identifying quality cost elements with examples of quality cost elements. Incorporating the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, ecological, and social) into quality cost model involves considering the broader impacts and benefits of quality costs beyond just quality improvement. The paper advocates for incorporating preventive measures and sustainable practices to reduce failure costs and promote long-term sustainability goals. Future research directions include developing quality cost models that incorporate sustainability concept. The successful implementation of quality costs from the sustainability perspective requires commitment from top management, data-driven decisionmaking, and stakeholder engagement, ultimately leading to higher quality standards and sustainable development in higher education

PECULIUM PROCESS IN RECEIVABLES RIGHTS

Funda Nezir — 2024-07-01

Peculium process is one of the most common types of legal transactions in daily life because it affects a right in the property. It is a legal transaction that directly affects a right in the assets of the person making the disposition, transferring, restricting, changing or terminating that right to another person. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the change made by the peculium process in the field of movable and immovable rights and relative rights. In this direction, the discussion of the intangibility of the receivables in the transfer of the receivable and the transfer of the receivables in the field of relative rights and the discussion of intangibility of the release and the intangibility of the reason in the release, which is a peculium process, were discussed and the results of the transaction were evaluated