International Scientific Journal Vision

HUMAN RIGHTS AI ASSISTANTS: EMPOWERING GLOBAL CITIZENS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Aleksandar Karadimche, Fehmi Skender, Jovan Ilovski — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can dramatically redefine the parameters of human rights. With the appropriate application of AI, specifically through the usage of large language models, we can automate systems that help individuals protect and advocate for their digital rights. These assistants can help with the legal aspect and privacy issues as well as reporting any human rights violation. However, such developments also raise some other issues that have to be resolved in the first place, such as the bias and equity in the data, the credibility of the information, and the privacy of data. These challenges have to be carefully taken into consideration. The goal of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the role of AI in the human rights advocacy. Developing and creating AI agents that are purpose-built and trained on a customized dataset of human rights will assist in providing more efficient assistance to individuals. By combining AI with human expertise, we can create a powerful tool for advancing human rights in the digital age.

EXPANDING LEARNING HORIZONS: EXPLORING GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION

Arafat Useini, Şehida Rizvançe Matsani — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI), introduced in the early 1980s, has profoundly influenced contemporary educational practices by challenging traditional, singular conceptions of intelligence. The theory posits that individuals possess a variety of cognitive capacities, each reflecting unique ways of learning and understanding the world. Gardner initially proposed seven intelligences, later expanding the framework to eight, encompassing verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, intrapersonal, interpersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, and naturalist intelligences. Each intelligence dimension reflects distinct skills, learning preferences, and modes of interaction with the environment, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of human cognition. This paper examines the principles underlying MI theory, its implications for curriculum design, and practical strategies for fostering diverse intelligences in educational settings. Recommendations include curriculum integration, individualized learning approaches, interdisciplinary activities, teacher training, and alternative assessment methods. The adoption of MI-based practices enhances student engagement, motivation, and holistic development, while promoting personalized and inclusive learning environments. Furthermore, integrating MI theory into teaching and assessment practices supports educational innovation and long-term societal benefits by preparing students with diverse cognitive, creative, and social skills. Overall, the theory of multiple intelligences offers educators and policymakers a framework for cultivating versatile, well-rounded learners who can thrive in complex and dynamic learning contexts.

THE MODEL OF CONSOCIATIONAL DEMOCRACY, PRESENTED THROUGH THE EXAMPLE OF THE SWISS CONFEDERATION

Daniela Bochvarska — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper, it is spoken about the model of consociational democracy and its practical application in plural societies which are heterogeneous, which have gone through internal conflicts and which often are characterized by a certain line of division of the citizens on ethnic, religious, or linguistic basis. Often, this model represents the only possible solution for deeply divided societies, providing a stable political system, as opposed to deep societal segmentation.

The model of consociational democracy was designed with the aim to correct certain shortcomings of the majoritarian model which referred primarily to the right of the majority to introduce policies and to elect representatives. The majoritarian model of democracy, based on the will of the majority and the principle “winner takes all,” excludes the will of minorities and disables them from having their own input in decision-making, as well as their own political representatives. The consociational model of democracy, on the other hand, includes the will of more individuals, enabling greater democratization in the countries where it is applied.

There were doubts that the emergence of the consociational democracy model would not be suitable for small European democracies, emphasizing the differences between this model of democracy in some smaller European states and the majoritarian model that dominated in the United Kingdom, the USA, and France. However, the example of Switzerland shows the opposite.

By applying the method of content analysis and using official data from relevant institutions, this paper analyzes the model of consociational democracy in Switzerland. This model is typical for this federal state, which continuously strengthens opportunities for democratic participation. The use of various instruments that include minorities as much as possible, along with decision-making based on consensus and negotiations among parties, represents a vital political characteristic of this small European state with a wide range of diversity.

EXAMINING THE PROGRESS IN NEAR SURFACE MOUNT REINFORCEMENT METHODS WITH ANALYTICAL MODELS AND NEURAL NETWORKS

Ayşe Arıcı — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Near-surface mount (NSM) strengthening techniques have emerged as effective methods for enhancing the strength and performance of reinforced concrete structures. Despite advancements, the lack of reliable models and standardized methods to predict NSM systems' mechanical behavior remains challenging. This study addresses these gaps with a two-phase methodology.

In the first phase, a database of over 200 experimental data points was analyzed using artificial neural networks (ANN), achieving a 7% absolute error rate and demonstrating strong predictive capabilities. In the second phase, ANN results were optimized with multiple linear regression (MLR), developing a simplified mathematical model with an 18% error rate, offering practicality and ease of use for field engineers.

The proposed models comply with ACI 440.2R safety guidelines and outperform traditional approaches in accuracy and usability, enabling more effective application of NSM techniques. This research advances NSM methodologies by integrating analytical and ANN-based approaches, contributing to developing standardized guidelines and durable reinforced concrete designs.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN DIGITAL NOMADS

Hatice Uşak, Hakan Erkutlu — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Globalization and the rapid development of technology have led to major changes in working life, and this transformation has brought the concept of "digital nomadism" into our lives. Digital nomads are individuals who can work without being bound by geographical boundaries and live freely in different parts of the world thanks to the internet and mobile technologies. While this lifestyle offers freedom, flexibility, and the opportunity to experience different cultures, it can also bring challenges, such as job stress, social isolation, and psychological well-being.

This study aims to examine the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being levels of digital nomads and to understand how demographic factors play a role in this relationship. Forty digital nomads from countries such as Turkey, Germany, India, Venezuela, Italy, France, Spain, England, Australia, Australia, and Pakistan participated in the study. Data were collected using a survey method and analyzed using job stress and psychological well-being scales.

The findings show that there is a significant relationship between the psychological well-being of digital nomads and job stress. On the other hand, it was determined that demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, and marital status do not moderate this relationship. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics between work stress and psychological well-being, especially by revealing the opportunities and challenges of digital nomadism. At the same time, it aims to shed light on future studies in this field by emphasizing the effect of demographic factors such as age on psychological well-being.

ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED VULNERABILITY IN BUILDING STRUCTURES

Yasemin Hoca, Cansur Cafer — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Seismic risk is one of the most researched topics in recent years. The negative consequences that earthquakes can cause, damage or losses, which can occur directly or indirectly, is defined as seismic risk. Strategies and methodologies for seismic risk assessment aim to reduce economic and social losses due to earthquakes. Assessment of seismic risk and seismic vulnerability of the existing building stock is essential for setting priorities in long-term prevention policies. The purpose of the assessment is to calculate the probability of damage that any group of buildings may experience during an earthquake.

Various studies have been conducted so far and different methods have been proposed to assess the vulnerability of structures. Methods for assessing seismic vulnerability are used from individual buildings to large urban areas. To choose an appropriate method, the purpose of the research, the scope of the work, the approach to obtaining information should be taken into account. available resources and computational effort.

This paper provides an overview of the primary methodologies used to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings, including empirical, analytical, and hybrid approaches. Each method is examined in terms of its applicability, required data, computational demand, and accuracy

A STUDY ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION BETWEEN 2012-2017 AND 2018-2023 IN GOSTIVAR MUNICIPALITY

Adnan Vraynko, Esra Baki, Beyhan Uslu, Pınar Zengin — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Alcoholism is defined as a chronic condition of uncontrolled alcohol consumption that adversely affects an individual's physical, psychological, and social life. This condition is characterized by an inability to reduce or stop alcohol intake, an increase in tolerance, and the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is absent. The development of alcoholism is significantly influenced by the interaction of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, psychological state, and socioeconomic conditions. Alcoholism not only leads to individual health problems but also contributes to the breakdown of family structures, a decrease in workforce productivity, and various societal issues. Its treatment is managed through multidisciplinary approaches including detoxification, pharmacological support, and psychotherapy.

The aim of this article is to compare the prevalence and effects of alcoholism in Gostivar during the periods 2012-2017 and 2018-2023 The necessary data for the article was obtained from the examination logs at Neuropsychiatric Clinics in Gostivar.

SUMMARY OF THE ADVISORY OPINION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) DATED 23 JULY 2025

Nuran Haydar Celik — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This article provides a comprehensive summary of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) advisory opinion on the obligations of states concerning climate change, issued on 23 July 2025. The ICJ recognizes climate change as an existential threat and affirms binding legal duties of states under both treaty and customary international law. These duties include emission reductions, adaptation measures, regulation of private actors, and support for vulnerable countries. The Court emphasizes the principle of due diligence, international cooperation, and the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Furthermore, the opinion clarifies state responsibility for climate-related harm and outlines the framework for remedies under international law. This study aims to evaluate the key and significant determinations of the decision from an international law perspective paragraph by paragraph and to briefly present the obligations outlined by the court along with their sources, as well as the responsibilities arising therefrom.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE ACCESSIBILITY IN THE VARDAR RIVER CORRIDOR, GOSTIVAR (NORTH MACEDONIA)

Levent Menga — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Urban river corridors represent vital linear public realms that structure mobility, leisure, and ecological continuity within cities. Yet small discontinuities particularly at pedestrian crossings can produce disproportionately large accessibility losses, effectively marginalizing groups such as persons with disabilities, the elderly, and cyclists. This study investigates accessibility along the Vardar River corridor in central Gostivar, North Macedonia, with a specific focus on the most intensively used pedestrian bridge and its integration into the wider riverside path network.

Employing a mixed-methods approach, field observations were combined with a trilingual survey of 100 residents aged 14–73. The analysis compared user experiences across age, mobility status, and bicycle use. Findings reveal pervasive barriers: 90% of respondents judged the bridge inaccessible overall; 100% considered it unsuitable for persons with disabilities; 76% reported inadequacy for cyclists (24% undecided, 0% “suitable”); and 73% found it problematic for elderly or pregnant users. Moreover, 88% of participants expressed a preference for ramped access over stairs, while 53% supported the construction of a new, universally accessible bridge.

The study concludes that deficiencies in the bridge network, rather than shortcomings in park amenities, constitute the primary barrier to equitable use of the riverfront. A context-specific design proposal is advanced ~30 m span, 2.5 m width, ≤8% ramp slopes with rest landings, tactile surfaces, and continuous handrails explicitly grounded in the Seven Principles of Universal Design and aligned with the European Accessibility Act (2019) and EN 17210 standards. Accessibility here is framed not as a supplementary feature but as a fundamental principle of contemporary urban public space.

CARBON ACCOUNTING APPLICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SECTOR WITHIN THE SCOPE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, SUSTAINABILITY AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Cenk Kiritoglu — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200

A series of ecological and environmental problems driven by global warming has become an issue that individuals must confront, while for businesses it represents a significant source of risk and cost. In the face of the global climate crisis, the agricultural sector is both a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a strategic sector with considerable carbon sequestration potential, which is instrumental in combating climate change. Accordingly, the implementation of accurate, transparent, and reliable carbon accounting practices has become imperative in the agricultural products sector. This article comprehensively addresses the theoretical foundations, implementation methodologies, and reporting requirements of carbon accounting in the agricultural products sector, within the context of climate change, sustainability, and accounting standards. Through a sustainability report and a carbon accounting case study, the article provides guidance to investors in the agricultural sector concerning costs and risks.In Turkey, the Turkish Sustainability Reporting Standards (TSRS), which entered into force on December 29, 2023, have made the reporting of sustainability and climate-related information mandatory for enterprises meeting certain criteria. Accordingly, agricultural enterprises are required to account for their carbon emissions in line with the Turkish Accounting Standard 41 (TAS 41) – Agriculture and to carry out integrated reporting in compliance with TSRS 2 – Climate-Related Disclosures.The research revealed that particularly small enterprises in the agricultural sector are not adequately prepared for the implementation of sustainability standards and carbon accounting practices due to deficiencies of capital, technology, infrastructure, and capacity. Deficiencies observed in carbon emission calculations, inconsistencies between Tax Accounting and TAS 41, and the lack of necessary accounts for carbon accounting in the Uniform Chart of Accounts indicate that comprehensive regulations in accounting and tax systems are needed to ensure the successful implementation of the process initiated by the Climate Law No. 7552.